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Learning Objective 1: describe the significance of developing a measure of pregnancy related empowerment.
Learning Objective 2: describe methodologies to translate a measure from English to Spanish-language.
Purpose: To develop a measure of empowerment related to pregnancy that is appropriate for low-literacy Spanish-speaking Latina women.
Design/Methods: This methodological study used translation by committee and cognitive interviews to translate an existing reliable and valid English-language PRES into Spanish-language. A translation committee included bilingual translators from different Latina backgrounds. Cognitive interviews were conducted with 10 pregnant Latina women who primary language was Spanish attending a prenatal clinic serving low-income women in a large Midwestern city. The sequence of interviewing and measure revision was iterative to achieve redundancy. Excel was used to systematically track data.
Findings: The committee discussed similarities and differences among their translations. Direct translation of some words from English to Spanish did not convey the conceptual meaning of the wording; items were revised so that there was conceptual agreement between English and Spanish versions. When there was no clear consensus on terms/phrases, the interview guide for the cognitive interviews asked women for feedback on alternative translation. Following some revisions, the measure was well understood by women. Conclusions/Implications: Findings indicate that this Spanish-language PRES is conceptually consistent with the English version and valid for low literacy women. Future research is needed to evaluate the psychometric properties based on classical test theory (Cronbach’s Alpha, factor analysis) with Spanish-speaking pregnant women.