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Learning Objective 1: The learner will be able to understand Japanese situation about the patient safety practice.
Learning Objective 2: The learner will be able to discuss the CE program on the patient safety. practice.
Conceptual Framework: In the conceptual framework, quality of patient safety practices was set as the independent variable and 28 attributes of nurses were set as dependent variables. These 28 attributes were selected based on a literature review of patient safety practices.
Methods: The quality of patient safety practices was measured using the Patient Safety Practice Scale (PSPS) (Miura, Funashima, 2010). The PSPS, which has well-established reliability and validity, consists of 40 items (i.e., 8 subscales with 5 items) and is rated on a 5-point Likert-type scale. The 28 attributes were examined using the Nurses' Attribute Questionnaire (NAQ), the content validity of which was validated in a pilot study and a panel of experts. The instrument packets were distributed to 1315 nurses randomly sampled from hospitals in Japan. Data were analyzed for statistical significance.
Results: A total of 834 nurses responded (response rate, 61.8%), and 779 valid data were analyzed. Statistical analyses revealed that 18 of 28 attributes were related to quality of patient safety practices. These 18 attributes (in relation to the nurse’s hospital/unit or oneself) included “number of beds,” “ratio of patients to nurses,” “safety environment,” “educational climate,” “wards,” “shift,” “teamwork,” “human relations,” “position,” “self-confidence on the job,” “playing a role in patient safety,” “submitting accident reports within the past year,” “stress level,” “mental health,” “satisfaction working as a nurse,” “nursing values,” “feelings toward nursing as a vocation,” and “clinical competence.”
Conclusion: Results of the present study suggest that nurses need to improve their mental health and clinical competence. Furthermore, in addition to strengthening teamwork and human relations, safety and education need to be promoted in Japanese hospitals.