Hispanic Female Undergraduates Perception of Nursing as a Career Choice: A Phenomenological Study

Monday, 31 October 2011

Christina L. Williamson, RN-BC, MSN
Nursing Service, Veterans Health Care System of the Ozarks, Fayetteville, AR

Learning Objective 1: The learner will be able to describe two cultural influences on career choices , and the career decision making process among young Hispanic women.

Learning Objective 2: The learner will be able to identify factors that can have important implications as they relate to the recruitment of minorities to the nurisng profession.

According to the 2008 National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses, only 16.8% of the RN population is represented by racial and ethnic minority groups with 3.65% of all RNs being of Hispanic origin (HRSA, 2010). The Hispanic population is the fastest and largest growing minority population resulting in significant demands on the current U.S. health-care system (Office of Minority Health, 2009).  Based on the 2000 U.S. Census 7.9% of the population residing in Northwest Arkansas spoke Spanish at home.  The University of Arkansas’ Center for Business and Economic Research (CBER, 2007) reported that in 2005 the proportion of Hispanics in Northwest Arkansas’ metropolitan area accounted for 9.5% of the population.  The report projected that by 2025 the population percentage will increase to 16% (CBER, 2007).  A shortage of bilingual qualified nurses has an impact on health-care services and organizations resulting in increased cost of care (CBER, 2007). 

When interacting with a Hispanic population, it is imperative that our health-care system has nurses who are bilingual and understand the Hispanic culture. The lack of culturally competent Hispanic registered nurses in the Northwest Arkansas metropolitan area can result in suboptimal patient care among a growing Hispanic population. One solution to aid in reducing the nursing shortage is to identify how nursing is perceived by young Hispanic college women, factors that may have influenced their decision to disallow nursing as a career choice.

The study uses a phenomenological approach to identify factors influencing a Hispanic female undergraduate’s perception of nursing as a career choice and explore their decision to disallow nursing as a career option, further contributing to the shortage of Hispanic nurse in the Northwest Arkansas metropolitan area.  The target population for the proposed study will be college women of Hispanic descent, enrolled in nonnursing majors, at three universities/colleges in Northwest Arkansas.