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Learning Objective 1: The learner will be able to identify the different strategies used in published interventions to prevent ulcers or amputation
Learning Objective 2: The learner will be able to make use of results presented for use in evidence-based practice or in future interventions
METHODS. We searched in 3 levels and 5 electronic databases, were found 5.865 references, be rescued 65 interventions, of these 36 full texts were retrieved. To systematize information built four matrices: 1-for bibliometric analysis, 2-methodological features 3-4-interventions and expected outcomes. We analyzed separately the results of interventions by level of prevention.
RESULTS. Publications between 1989 and 2009 from 25 journals in Europe, Asia and America. Nineteen aimed at secondary prevention, prevailed therapeutic (6) and therapeutic-educational (4) types, dominate the quasi-experiments and the Individual modality (15/19). Fluctuation in sample sizes of 10 and 2871 (multicenter studies). Most were significant (14/19). Effect measured: wound healing, re-ulceration, amputation or re-amputation.
Seventeen aimed at primary prevention, were considered only the educational (11), most were significant (8/11), dominated the experiments (6/11), group modality (6/11) and none included the family. The sample was 36% less than 30 participants, 72% without support in the theoretical model. Effect measured: Knowledge, practices and attitudes towards foot self-care, self-efficacy, benefits, barriers, satisfaction with care and ulcers.
CONCLUSIONS. Secondary prevention interventions (pharmacological, surgical and therapeutic types) are more expensive. Primary prevention interventions of type of educational are more beneficial; need to improve the methodology (design, sample size), including family sessions, supported by a theoretical model that evaluate the intervention.
REFERENCES. Malone (1989). Litzelman (1993) Rönnemaa (1997). Piaggesi (1998). Dargis (1999) . Ward (1999). Donohoe (2000). Puente (2000). Carrington (2001). Reiber (2002). Veves (2002). Corbett (2003). Mueller (2003). Neil (2003). Plank (2003). Schraer (2003) . Vileikyte (2005). Viswanathan (2005). Hazavehei (2007). Lavery (2007). Lázaro (2007). Sumikawa (2007). Borges (2008). LeMaster (2008). Lincoln (2008). Rerkasem (2008). Rosas (2008). Canto (2009). Dumville (2009). Ochoa (2009).