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Learning Objective 1: identify if the intervention results in a reduction in foot-risk score in the DM2 experimental group.
Learning Objective 2: identify if the intervention results in an increased amount of reported safe foot-care practices in the DM2 experimental group.
The American Diabetes Association (ADA) describes a causal chain leading to lower-extremity amputation in the Type 2 diabetic; such as minor trauma. Plummer and Stewart (1995) state: “preventing minor trauma and subsequent non healing ulcers might interrupt this causal chain” (p. 47). A global review of the literature validates that health education can positively impact the treatment/care compliance of diabetic patients who are at high risk for peripheral vascular impairment and potential extremity amputation. A diabetes mellitus Type 2 (DM2) study investigates if education/follow up at more frequent intervals of every six weeks will positively affect the foot screening status of Type 2 diabetics and disrupt the causal chain.
Methods:
Participants, diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), were recruited from the general population in central Kansas using notices in the media. Demographic data and health history/screening were recorded at baseline, using questionnaires. Participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group (N = 27) or a control group (N = 27). Members of the experimental group were contacted by phone every six weeks by a Registered Nurse (RN), who encouraged them to maintain good diabetic self-care and to attend scheduled appointments with their health care provider. care
Results:
The following assessments will be made at baseline, six months, and in one year, in all participants: health of feet (ability to detect touch, vibration, heat and cold, and presence or absence of prespecified visible lesions); risk factors for diabetic vascular injury (arterial blood pressure and ankle/brachial index); and control of DM (Hb A1c percentage).
Conclusion:
The study concludes in May, 2009; with ongoing/final statistical results available for the 20th Annual Research Congress.
Plummer, E. S., Stewart, G. A. (1995). Foot care assessment in patients with diabetes: A screening algorithm for patient education and referral. The Diabetes Educator, 21(1), 47-51.