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Learning Objective 1: describe the process of revising the Barriers to Self-Care Scale Physical Activity Subscale.
Learning Objective 2: discuss the process in determining content validity for a revised tool.
Methods: The theoretical framework chosen for this study was the transtheoretical model of change (TTM). All individuals enrolled in a worksite diabetes disease management program that met the inclusion criteria for the study were recruited through a mailing. Data collection occurred via self-report on three questionnaires. Data analysis methods included calculating a content validity index and running independent sample t-tests. Eight additional scale items were generated from the published literature.
Results: A content validity index of .93 was calculated, utilizing a 4-point rating scale for the eight additional items. Cronbach’s alpha for the revised BSCS PAS was .704. Seventy-five out of 600 eligible participants (12.5%) returned study materials that could be used for analysis. Study participants were primarily male (77.3%), Caucasian (90.7%), had some college education or a college degree (84%), and were employed or retired from management positions (50.6%). Participants who were active (action and maintenance stages of change) reported fewer barriers to physical activity (p < .001) than those participants in the inactive (precontemplation, contemplation, and preparation stages of change) group.
Conclusion: The revised BSCS PAS questionnaire is a brief, internally consistent, self-report measure of environmental and cognitive factors (barriers) that interfere with diabetes self-management in the regimen of physical activity. Participants who were active had significantly lower mean barrier scores than inactive participants.