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Learning Objective 1: The learner will be able to recognize the depressive status in patients with heart failure.
Learning Objective 2: The learner will be able to identify the factors related to depression in patients with heart failure.
Methods: A cross-sectional design was used in this study. Outpatients with a primary diagnosis of heart failure (N= 147) were recruited. The instruments used in this study were Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale (MUIS), Beck Depression Inventory-II, Social Support Scale, and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ). The subjects were mostly male (54.4%), with mean age of 71.04±13.29, and mean ejection fraction (EF) of 46.42±17.02%. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and logistic regression.
Results: In all subjects, about 65.3% tended to depression; in male about 65%; and in female about 65.7%. For all subjects, four of the predictor variables were significant independent predictors of depression: occupational status (OR= 10.548; p= .012), EF (OR= .951; p= .009), MUIS (OR= 1.081; p= .001), and MLHFQ (OR= 1.112; p= .001). In male, two of the predictor variables were significant independent predictors of depression: occupational status (OR= 15.779; p= .023) and MLHFQ (OR= 1.112; p= .01). In female, three significant independent predictors of depression were whether use diuretics (OR= .002; p= .026), MUIS (OR= 1.182, p= .017), and MLHFQ (OR= 1.333; p= .006).
Conclusion: Quality of life is an important factor predicting depression in both male and female heart failure patients.