Prevalence of Risk Factors for Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease in a Brazilian Population of Patients Hospitalized for Acute Coronary Syndrome

Lopes, Camila Takao

Tuesday, 23 July 2013: 4:10 PM

Camila Takao Lopes, RN, MsC¹
Evelise Helena Fadini Reis Brunori, RN²
Agueda Maria Ruiz Zimmer Cavalcante, RN, MsN³
Alba Lucia Bottura Leite de Barros, PhD²
(1)School of Nursing/Escola de Enfermagem, Federal University of São Paulo/Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
(2)Nursing Department, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
(3)Nursing School, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Learning Objective 1: To cite why nurses must be acquainted with the most prevalent risk factors for atherosclerotic coronary artery disease in their populations

Learning Objective 2: To cite risk factors for atherosclerotic coronary artery disease in patients hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome in a school hospital of São Paulo, Brazil

Purpose: To describe the prevalence of risk factors for atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Methods: A cross-sectional study performed in the coronary unit of a school hospital in São Paulo, Brazil, from August to December, 2011. Sociodemographic characteristics and BMI, waist/hip ratio (WHR), Triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL and LDL values of 150 patients hospitalized for ACS were obtained from hospital charts. Five validated questionnaires were applied: nicotine dependence (Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire), food frequency (Food Frequency Questionnaire), alcohol consumption (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test), perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale) and physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire). The protocol study was submitted to the institutional Ethics Committee.

Results: 72% had suffered an ST-elevation AMI, 72.7% male, 57.51±9.9 years old, 67.3% white, 36% without a primary school degree, 61.3% married, 46.7% earned 1 to 3 minimum wages; 70.7% had hypertension as a personal antecedent, 28.7% had diabetes mellitus (DM), and 40% had dyslipidemia; 69% had a family history of hypertension, 41.3% DM, 30% dyslipidemia and 60.7% CAD; 43% practiced moderate physical activity; 39% were overweight and 17.6% were obese class I; 59.3% were smokers; 37% were identified as having light alcohol intake. Stress perception was not different between women (28.5±8.3) and men (25±7). High total cholesterol (198±55mg/dL), low HDL (40±11) and high LDL (123±47) levels were verified. Patients reported high intake of fat and carbohydrate and low intake of fruit and vegetables.

Conclusion: ACS in a group of brazilian patients was associated with male gender, age>55, low education, low wages, low income, hypertension, DM, dyslipidemia, high body mass index, smoking and drinking habits and high cholesterol rates and inadequate eating habits.

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