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Methods: This study was based on reviews of research studies generated from Google Scholar and CINAHL, as well as from interviews of Buddhist and Hindu individuals. The data were gathered, reviewed, and included in the study.
Results: The studies and interviews reviewed showed that in general, Buddhists believe that the human body is only a temporary composite which dissolve at death, although some stream of consciousness undergoes rebirth. It is important that the dying individual be in a clear state of mind at time of death as it is believed their state of mind influences rebirth. Death is viewed as natural and inevitable; therefore they traditionally have more tranquil and accepting attitudes toward death.
The studies and interviews reviewed showed that in general, Hindus believe in cycles of being born and dying, karma, and a supreme being who exists in the universe and in the individual souls, and who is the ultimate end for all. Hope lies in making spiritual progress and moksha, or liberation from the cycles of rebirth. Preservation of life is balanced against the acceptance that dying is natural and a step closer to moksha. Family members are central in the decision making process and care during end-of-life care.
Conclusion: The studies described how end-of-life care should be handled for a Hindu and Buddhist patient and their family. The findings support engaging both the patient and their family in the planning of care and a peaceful and quiet environment during the time leading up to death. It was found that it is especially important to consult the patient and family concerning medications that can alter consciousness, as it is important for the dying to have a clear mind at death. It is also important to be respectful of after-death rituals and body removal practices.