Learning Objective #1: Describe the research methodology of this completed preoperative research study

Learning Objective #2: Discuss the experimental research findings of the comparison between bacteriostatic normal saline and lidocaine for intradermal IV insertion

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Pain with intravenous (IV) insertion is a common fear for preoperative patients. As perianesthesia nurses, we take the necessary measures to minimize the discomfort and anxiety of our patients. Various techniques maybe implemented to minimize pain during IV insertion, such as the use of an intradermal injection of a local anesthetic drug, Lidocaine in our institution. However, several research studies have found the use of bacteriostatic saline may produce a less painful, yet equally effective, safer and less expensive alternative method for intradermal anesthesia.

The purpose of this study was to compare which method was perceived effective as described by patients' perception of pain. Using an experimental design, two hundred and nineteen participants were randomly assigned by lottery convenience sampling into three groups: Normal Saline (NS), Lidocaine and no local anesthesia. Approval from the Institutional Review Board and informed consent of each participant were obtained. Patients were asked to quantify their pain/discomfort level following the intradermal injection and IV insertion using a visual analog scale.

Descriptive statistics and analysis of variance were used to identify differences between perceived pain, age, and gender. Significant findings indicated that NS was less painful on injection, and both NS and Lidocaine were equally effective as local anesthetics for IV insertion. The significant of the study benefit perianesthesia nurses, patients and the hospital in determining which method of IV placement is more effective and reasonably acceptable to ensure patients' comfort, satisfaction and positive outcomes. Furthermore, this study will assist with financial benefits and lowered risk adverse effects.