Learning Objective #1: Describe the relationship between self-efficacy, self-esteem, hope and disability in individuals with multiple sclerosis

Learning Objective #2: Describe ways to enhance self-efficacy, self-esteem and hope in individuals with disability who have multiple sclerosis

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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between self-efficacy, self-esteem, hope and disability in individuals with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). A descriptive correlational design was used in this study. The sample consisted of 550 individuals with MS. The participants ranged in age from 22 to 77 years with a mean age of 44 years (SD 9). The length of time diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis was a mean of 8 years (SD 7). Four instruments were used to collect the data: the Multiple Sclerosis Self-Efficacy Scale (Function and Control Subscales), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Herth Hope Index, and the Performance Scales (a self-report of level of disability). Sociodemographic data was also gathered. Significant positive correlations were found between self-efficacy, self-esteem and hope as follows: self-esteem and hope (r = 0.80, p = .000), self-esteem and self-efficacy (control) (r = 0.51, p = .000), self-esteem and self-efficacy (function) (r = 0.34, p = .000), hope and self-efficacy (control) (r = 0.51, p = .000), and hope and self-efficacy (function) ( r = 0.29, p= .000). An inverse relationship was found between disability and self-esteem (r = -0.39, p = 000), disability and hope (r = -0.32, p = .000), disability and self-efficacy (control) (r = -0.67,p = .000), and disability and self-efficacy function) (r = -0.72, p = .000). Significant relationships were found between all of the variables in this study. Most importantly, there was an inverse relationship between the physical manifestations in MS and levels of self-efficacy, self-esteem and hope. Strategies to enhance self-efficacy, inspire hope and enhance self-esteem may be beneficial for individuals living with Multiple Sclerosis.