AIM To develop and test coaching tools for the introduction of, and improve adherence to, clean intermittent self-catherization by elderly and people with a physical disability. METHOD First an inventory of the determinants of adherence of self-catheterization was performed. Secondly additional tools for improved adherence coaching were developed based on information obtained from patients, an expert group, and literature. Finally the usefulness of the tools was evaluated during application by 3 nurse practitioners. The target group consisted of 40 patients older than 65 years and patients with a physical disability caused by e.g. M.S., Spina Bifida, surgery or trauma. RESULTS Determinants of adherence were determined and can be divided in two categories, i.e. those related to training and those related to the integration of CIC in daily life of the patient. A patient booklet and a protocol for nurses were developed and evaluated focusing on increasing knowledge, self-efficacy, normalization of CIC, and promoting continuity of care. CONCLUSION Merely providing information about the procedure of CIC and expecting them to get on with it is not good enough. Proper instruction, follow-up, support and awareness of the impact of this procedure on patients lives by the nurse have a positive effect on the adherence of CIC.