Paper
Wednesday, July 13, 2005
Science of Genetics
Ruth M. Eckert, RN, MS, CS, OCN, CPHQ, School of Nursing, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, USA
The milestones established by the Human Genome Project (HGP) have led to new methods in the diagnosis of disease, innovative treatment regimes, and enhanced understanding of inheritance patterns of disease. Nursing can utilize the resources made available through this project to develop research endeavors defining nursing's unique contribution to this science. Internet access to the HGP is a gateway for researchers and practitioners to glean information on the scientific and medical aspects of inheritance patterns of disease; explore ethical, legal and social aspects of genetic technologies; and supplement education by providing publications, videos and teaching aids. Nurses can guide patients to Internet support groups for rare and debilitating diseases. Users can interact and develop relationships with others facing the same problems, support each other through difficulties, and learn more about their situation and potential treatment prospects. Nurses engaging in genetics research often are unique in their institutions and must rely on outside or distant resources to find collaborators. However, nurses are establishing their role in genetics research. Clinical roles for nurses supplement bench research, provide supportive patient care, and disseminate education for patients undergoing new and innovative therapies. These nurses are often responsible for the development of family health histories, diagnosing and treating the patient's response to the disease and subsequent treatment, and implementing benchmarks in the care of patients with these disorders. Nurses have used animal models to research pain, stress and nutrition. Animal models already provide essential genetic data for human disease processes. Application of animal models gives nurses opportunities to link the biology, sociology and behavioral aspects of genetics disorders. Nurses have a pivotal role in the research and implementation of genetic knowledge. Their unique approach to the health care team needs to become a part of the genetic care of the future.