The Cuban Missle Crisis and the “Pedro Pan” Effect on a Nursing Program in South Florida

Monday, 18 November 2013

Patricia R. Messmer, PhD, RN-BC, FAAN
Amy C Pettigrew, PhD, RN, CNE, ANEF
School of Nursing, Miami Dade College, Miami, FL

Learning Objective 1: To discuss how an historical event can have an effect of developing a nursing program

Learning Objective 2: To demostrate how the historical event has played a role in the evolvement of the nursing program

Background: October 1962 the world waited—seemingly on the brink of nuclear war—hoping for peaceful resolutions to Cuban Missile Crisis. Operation Peter Pan (1960- 1962), CIA  codename sent 14,000+ Cuban children to Miami without parents after rumors. Fidel Castro planned to take children against parents’ wishes to military schools and Soviet labour camps. Decade saw stream of Cuban exiles filing through Freedom Tower. Miami Dade College (MDC) President, administrators and faculty own the Freedom Tower, hosting nursing events.

Purpose of historical study was to shed light of Cuban influence on MDC nursing program over 50 years

Methods: Interviews from primary & secondary sources were collected along with historical documents.  Validity of documents: established by external criticism; reliability by internal criticism (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2010).

Results: Over 19,000 nurses have earned their degrees from MDC (largest area provider of nursing education; 70% Hispanic). US government deeded old Marine airbases replete with buildings & barracks for $1.00Dade County Junior College ADN program began a new era of nursing education for Miami’s diverse community (1962). Chloe Trammel was the first director with 26 students. South campus opened (1967) with Director Cora Mazzagatti and 24 students. Mike Kinkead, President of Florida Student Nurses Association, was the 1st  male to graduate after spending 4 years as Air Force medic. North & South campuses merged into medical campus (1977). Florida Governor appointed Dean Jeanne Stark (Florida Board of Nursing chair) to address issues of licensing Cuban nurses, “Cuban Nurses in Exile” (1982). Stark developed a 34 week bilingual refresher course covering all nursing aspects including OB and Psychiatric care along with intensive one-year nursing program for foreign educated physicians.

Conclusion: Many of today’s clinical nurses and nursing faculty began their career at MDC.  All nursing graduates, like their predecessors, serve Miami’s ever growing community.