Poster Presentation
Wednesday, 19 July 2006
9:30 AM - 10:00 AM
Wednesday, 19 July 2006
2:30 PM - 3:00 PM
This presentation is part of : Poster Presentations I
Nursing Advocacy: Development of an Instrument
Heli M. Vaartio, MNSc1, Helena Leino-Kilpi, PhD1, and Pauli Puukka, MSocSc2. (1) Nursing science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland, (2) National Public Health Institute, Turku, Finland
Learning Objective #1: identify domains of nursing advocacy process within clinical care
Learning Objective #2: review the instrument development process concerning nursing advocacy
“Nursing advocacy – development of an instrument” Nursing advocacy has been discussed in nursing science from 1970´s, and it is integrated into our Codes of Professional Conduct. However, there is no consensus on what nursing advocacy is, how is it pursued, and how it is experienced by patients. The aim of this study is to explore these aspects of nursing advocacy and further to develop an instrument for measurement of nursing advocacy. The instrument construction was accomplished in a mode of classical test theory. First, the nature of the concept was delineated in order to seek instruments content domain. Systematic review on empirical studies 1990-2003 with nursing advocacy in focus was conducted. Due to difficulties in concept operationalization within these studies an additional study with aim to further explore the process of advocacy was conducted. Interview data (n = 22 patients, 21 nurses) was analysed with inductive content analysis. Advocacy activities were defined as analysing, counselling, responding, shielding and whistleblowing activities. According to this data, advocacy presupposes contextual sensitivity, interpersonal dialogue and competence of nurses. Furthermore, advocacy seems to have bearing on empowerment of both patients and nurses. The second step in instrument development was item construction. The instrument contains four parts: demographics, advocacy activities, antecedents and consequences. Items are constructed with Likert scale from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). Altogether the instrument includes x questions, and it takes about 30 min to answer. Instrument validation in this study was initiated with construct validity analysis. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (n = 89) supported the structure of instrument, and due to communality values and Cronbach alpha some items were omitted. The content validation is to be established with sample of nursing experts, and with nursing science students having knowledge in the domain and construct being measured.

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