Caring is the hallmark of effective nursing practice and is accordingly a desirable characteristic of all nurses. Although previous studies have focused on patient descriptions of nurse caring behaviors, no concept analysis or substantive theory development has been induced from the patient perspective of a particular patient/nurse dyad.

The specific aims of this grounded theory study were to identify from the patient perspective what comprises caring interactions within patient-nurse dyads, identify nurse caring behaviors, and identify healthcare outcomes of nurse caring. Methodology

Given that caring is a dynamic, socially constructed, interaction process, applicable to nurse-patient communication, grounded theory methodology was used.  A theoretical sample of 14 elderly, chronically ill, hospitalized patients were asked to participate in audio-taped interviews.  Constant comparative analysis was used to examine data generated from patients.  Descriptive statistics were used to analyze demographic data. Results

Data analysis consisted of identifying, coding, summarizing the concepts and themes, and memoing. Six core concepts emerged that characterized nurse caring toward elderly patients.  Family-friendly caring, perceived as personalized care, was the overarching central construct identified by patients. Improved physical outcomes including improved appetite, improved wound healing, increased comfort and strength along with positive feelings and emotions such as being encouraged, understanding treatment and disease, and having an improved outlook, were reported. Implications for Nursing Practice

Caring for elderly patients in a personalized, family-friendly manner has clinical significance for enhancing positive patient care outcomes that can improve quality of life and promote the highest health potential.  Nurses should be able to insist on practice environments that are conducive to caring expressions toward patients.  Future Research

Future studies will be implemented in a variety of healthcare settings and patient and nurse populations to further verify the theoretical concepts and construct of nurse caring.

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