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Nursing Care in Peripheral Intravenous Catheter: Impact on Microbiological Profile

Sunday, 24 July 2016: 1:15 PM

Joao Manuel Graveto, PhD, MSN, RN
Department: Scientific Area, Beddings of Nursing, ESENFC, Coimbra, Portugal
Daniela Vidal Santos, MSN, RN
Departement of the unit Pneumologie, Hospital Distrital de Santarém, Santarém, Portugal
Anabela de Sousa Salgueiro Oliveira, PhD, MSN, RN
Fundamental Nursing, Nursing School of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Nádia Osório, PhD, MSN, RN
Department of Clinical Analysis and Public Health, Coimbra Health School, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra,Portugal, Coimbra Health School, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Portugal, Coimbra, Portugal

Purpose:  The peripheral intravenous cannulation is the most common form of administration of intravenous therapy used in hospitals, being nurses the professional responsible for this procedure. Thus, we intend to characterize the nursing care in the handling (insertion, maintenance and removal) of peripheral venous catheters (PIC) and to understand which was the nursing care impact in the microbiological profile in the PIC and in the skin of the patients.

Methods:  This is a descriptive - correlational, cross-sectional research of a quantitative study. Data collection was made between September 17 to December 21, 2012, in surgical units of a central hospital in central of Portugal, with a total of 1080 grids filled with 411 users, and the collection of 335 catheters and 335 swabs from insertion site. Data were analyzed with SPSS Statitstics.

Results:  The microbiological results from 335 samples were analyzed, 62,7% had at least one colony forming unit. Of the 86 positive cannulas 100 microorganisms were isolated: 89 identified a total of 15 different species (the most common being Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus), 9 were not relevant for the study and second identification was not obtained. It was found however that the nursing care provided to the patient with peripheral venous catheters, only the amount of time in situ influences colonization with risk of infection.

Conclusion: The results are significant for the institution, for the units concerned and to nursing care knowledge. It shows that in addition to the nursing care other variables may influence the occurrence of colonization with risk of infection. Although there is no standardization in practice among nurses and the results related to the time in situ of the catheters, can justify a greater investment in continuing training for health professionals to thus be able to act, prevention of complications, the reduction of costs associated with care, treatment of complications and well -being of the wearer, the decreased risk. The lack of uniformity in the practices among nurses and the results for the time in situ of the cannula justify greater investment in ongoing training for health professionals to be able to act in the prevention and treatment of complications, reducing the costs associated with the care and the welfare of the patient by reducing the risk. This study shows the need to replicate the study in other medical fields, to tailor care to the characteristics of its population.

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