The Changes of Behavior, a Possibility From the Brief Intervention

Porpuse:The research project aimed to measure the impact of a brief nursing intervention (brief personal intervention and telephone intervention) in people with cardiovascular disease in relation to risky alcohol consumption, as well as in the change of behavioral factors such as sedentary lifestyle and diet unhealthy, activities carried out with people who attend the program of people with chronic disease in a rural area in Colombia. It is evident that each of these phenomena (consumption of psychoactive substances, unhealthy lifestyle and cardiovascular disease) negatively impact on the quality of life and health of populations independently, and that they are enhanced when they underlie the same person. The strongest evidence constructed indicates that this type of intervention is effective to reduce alcohol consumption in people with risky consumption (Duffy, 2015), it is little consistency in those with risky consumption and cardiovascular disease (Blanch, 2013). With the aforementioned, a question to be solved with the study is posed: What is the effect of a brief intervention: motivational interview and telephone call about the level of consumption of psychoactive substances, health behaviors and quality of life of patients with cardiovascular disease that present risky consumption of alcohol or other drugs and that consult an outpatient service in the rural area?

Methods: a Quasi-experimental quantitative study with pre- and post-intervention measurement. A sample of 29 patients, randomly selected from the total of patients who are receiving care in the health service of a rural population in Colombia. The results of the study developed between the months of October 2017 and October 2018 are presented. Criteria for inclusion: the patient with cardiovascular disease diagnosed without decompensation, belonging to the group to the chronic diseases program. The brief intervention as an independent variable consisted of five phases (Feedback, Responsibility, Advice, Menu of options, Empathy, and Self-efficacy), (Byrne, 2014) that was developed in a time of 20 min and was repeated four times during the 30 First days. Follow-ups were performed at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after the intervention. Dependent variables were established: quality of life, instrument SF-12, (4) lifestyle with the FANTASTIC instrument, (Ramírez, 2012) and the level of consumption with the AUDIT instrument. (Roerecke, 2014) For the analysis of the data, the R software and the exactRankTests library developed by Hothorn, et al. (Hothorn, 2017), which has the Wilcox. exact function for the development of the Wilcoxon test in the presence of ties, since several data are presented with the same score on day 0 and 120 after the intervention.

Results: It was found that 79% (23/29) were women, with age of 80 years and more 27% (8/29), with incomplete primary 55% (16/29), marital status married 41% (12/29) ), have up to 6 children 62% (18/29). Patients with heart failure 6% (2/30), HBP 93% (27/29). There was evidence of a change in the level of alcohol consumption between day 0 and day 30 through a Student t-test for paired samples sig <0.05 student t-test for related samples p = 0.039.

Regarding the comparison made for the total scores of day 0 and 120 days of follow-up, the lifestyle of the participants was found to change towards a healthy lifestyle, with a statistically significant difference p = 0.00053, through the statistic nonparametric test of the Wilcoxon Signed Range, particularly in physical activity p = 0.01 and introspection in stress situations p = 0.0079.

Conclusions: It can be concluded that the brief intervention is an appropriate health promotion strategy to promote changes in lifestyle and reduction of alcohol consumption in a population with cardiovascular disease living in a rural context.