Paper
Saturday, July 16, 2005
This presentation is part of : Health Risks and Reducing Health Disparities in Minority or Low Income Populations
Translation of Family Related Instruments into Tagalog
Mayumi Willgerodt, MPH, PhD, RN, Family and Child Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

Research highlights the need to understand cultural variations in parent-adolescent relationships as they have been shown to influence psychological and behavioral outcomes in minority youth. Filipinos are the second largest Asian subgroup in the United States, yet research with Filipino families, particularly in the areas of family functioning and parent-adolescent relationships are extremely limited in nursing. Further, examining health disparities often involves research with non-English speaking populations; instrument translation is the first methodological issue with which researchers must contend. The purpose of this paper is to report on the translation of three family related instruments for use with multigenerational Filipino families into Tagalog: Family Adaptation and Cohesion Evaluation Scales II (FACES-II), Asian Values Scale (AVS), and the Asian American Family Conflict Scale (AAFCS). FACES-II measures family functioning along two domains: adaptability and cohesion. The AVS is a 25 item scale that measures the degree to which one endorses cultural values commonly observed across Asian ethnicities. The AAFCS identifies areas of family conflict within the family and asks participants to rate both the likelihood of the problem occurring and its seriousness in the family. Instruments were translated via the committee approach—a method designed to address the limitations of the commonly used translation-backtranslation method. The committee translation approach entails a group of professional translators independently translating the instruments and then meeting together to discuss the translation. Focus groups are also conducted as a qualitative method of checking translation accuracy. Translation findings for each of the instruments are reported, with particular emphasis on problematic areas. Focus group findings that identify specific items that work and which present problems are reported to highlight why certain items do not work in this population. Findings aid nurse researchers working with non-English speaking populations and immigrant families by illuminating areas that pose difficulties in cross-cultural research.