![[ Visit Client Website ]](images/banner.gif)
The purpose of this research is to clarify the current quality status of teaching activity of the nursing faculty for the prevention of medical accidents by students during the nursing clinical practicum as well as the attributes of the faculty having a high quality of teaching activity.
Measures
Quality of nursing faculty activities for prevention nursing student’s medical accident:Teaching Activities of Nursing Faculty for Prevention Medical Accidents by Nursing Students in Clinical settings -Original form-（TANFPA-O）was developed based on a qualitative inductive research.(Sadahiro & Funashima et.al. ,2013)It has 56 items with 5-point Likert scale with a total score ranging from 56 to 280. Higher scores indicate perception of better teaching activity for prevention nursing student’s medical accident. Criterion-related validity was demonstrated by significant correlations with ability of nursing practice. Content validity was ensured through a panel of expert and a pilot study. The Internal consistency was ensured thorough Cronbach's coefficient alpha as 0.954.
Attributes of the Japanese nursing faculty:Nursing Faculty Attributes Questionnaire (FAQ) consists of 26 items measuring of demographic variables, attributes as a teacher and attributes as a nurse. It’s including Self Evaluation Scale of Oriented Problem Solving Behavior in Nursing Practice（OPSN）for measuring of attributes as a nurse. The “OPSN” was developed based on qualitative inductive research. (Sadahiro & Funashima et.al. ,1997) It has 25 items with 5-point Likert scale with total score ranging from 25 to 125. Higher score indicate perception of better ability of nursing practice. Validity and Reliability of the "OPSN" was ensured through research for Japanese Nurses. (Sadahiro & Yamashita, 2002) The Construct Validity in the present study was ensured through factor analysis. The Internal consistency was ensured thorough Cronbach's coefficient alpha was 0.959.
Data Collection Procedure
After obtaining the ethical approval from the Sapporo City Universities’ Organization of the Ethics Committee, 462 directors of nursing education randomly sampled from baccalaureate programs, associate degree programs and diploma programs in japan were asked by mail to participate in the study. The instrument packets were distributed to 2028 nursing faculty who belonged to nursing educational institutions , and they agreed to participate in the study. The instrument packets in self-addressed envelopes were returned anonymously.
Statistical Analysis
The Statistical Package for Social Science ver.20 (SPSS) was used for the analysis of data. Descriptive analysis was conducted for the background characteristics of the participants. Spearman’s correlations were employed to examine the relations among total score of the “TANFPA-O” with the “OPSN”. Pearson’s correlations were employed to examine the relations among the age, the years of teaching experiences. T-test and ANOVA were employed to examine other variables.
Results
A total of 881(43.4%)nursing faculty returned the instruments by mail, and 786 of them were valid and analyzed. 214 nursing faculty in BSN/ ADN and 540 in diploma programs participated. The mean age was 46.1 (SD=8.2). The mean year of teaching experiences was 9.8 (SD=7.5). The mean year of clinical experiences was 13.7 (SD=7.9). The “TANFPA-O” scores ranged from 148 to 277 points, with a mean score of 227.0（SD=25.7）. The “OPSN” scores ranged from 37 to 123, with a mean score of 107.0（SD=12.6）The “TANFPA-O” scores had significantly intermediate correlations with The “OPSN” scores (r=0.545,p<.01). Relationship of The “TANFPA-O” scores and Faculty’s Attributes were as follows. The “TANFPA-O” scores of the faculty in the Tokai region were significantly higher than those in Shikoku region.The “TANFPA-O” scores of the faculty who were not qualified as a public health nurse were significantly higher than those who are qualified. The “TANFPA-O” scores of the faculty who were aware that clinical instructors in hospital were conducting the practical training in collaboration with the faculty were significantly higher than those of the faculty who were aware that nurses in hospital were mainly conducting the practical training.Ｔhe “TANFPA-O” scores of the faculty who were satisfied with their practical teaching were significantly higher than those who were not.The “TANFPA-O” scores of the faculty who were aware that nurse is an important profession were significantly higher than those who were not. The “TANFPA-O” scores of the faculty who were aware that they had someone to consult with about their practical training were significantly higher than those who were not.The “TANFPA-O” scores of the faculty who belonged to academic societies were significantly higher than those who did not.
Conclusion
In this study it was suggested that the faculty having a high quality of teaching activity for the prevention of medical accidents by students have the following attributes. They possess a high capability in terms of nursing practice and have established a system to conduct practical trainings in cooperation with clinical instructors. In addition, they understand that nursing is an important profession and feel satisfied with their work as a teacher and the practical training. They also have someone to consult with about the nursing clinical practicum, belong to academic societies, and are engaged in research activities.The followings are important to improve the quality of faculties’ teaching activity for the prevention of medical accidents by students during the nursing clinical practicum: First, the faculty should create an environment in which they can consult with/work on about the nursing clinical practicum. Second, they should strengthen the collaboration with clinical instructors in hospital. Lastly, they should try to maintain/improve the nursing practice ability.