Wakako Sadahiro, DNSc, RN School of Nursing, Sapporo City University, Sapporo, Japan
Naomi Funashima, DNSc, RN Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
Toshiko Nakayama, PhD, RN, DNSc School of Nursing, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
Yasuhiro Matsuda, RN, DNSc School of Nursing, Gunma Prefectural College of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Japan