Kidney transplantation (KTP) reverses many of the pathophysiological changes associated with kidney failure. It provides the opportunity to return to normal life activities. Quality Of Life (QOL) is an important concern in health care and the allocation of health care resources. It changes following any major changes in people's living e.g. becoming unemployed, having acquired higher education or becoming chronic ill.    The purpose of the study was to determine and compare the QOL in kidney transplantation (KTP) patients and healthy population in educational hospitals of the university, nephrology and renal clinics and health-therapeutic centers of Mashad in 2003.
This investigation is an analytical and case – control study. The Study population was 210 persons consisted of: 100 KTP patients (case groups) who were admitted to nephrology and renal offices and 110 healthy people (control groups) referring to health –therapeutics centers (age between 17 and 45 years). The groups were matched for age, sex and level of education. Tool for collecting data was a SF-36 questionnaire for evaluation of quality of life in both groups. It had questions about physical and social status ability for daily activities and sensuous status. The second tool was Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for evaluation of overall QOL and demographic information questionnaire.
    According to the results of this research, there was statistically significant difference between both for the overall healthy thinking, physical status, ability for daily activities (P<0.001) and social status. But we did not find significant difference in both groups for emotional status (P>0.05). In generally kidney transplantation patients had considerable low quality of life in comparison with control group (P<0.001).

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